This fine Renaissance map depicts the Duchy of Oświęcim (Auschwitz) and the Duchy of Zator, historic territories located along the upper Vistula River in southern Poland. Based on the 1563 manuscript map by Polish scholar Stanisław Porębski (credited as 'Sta. Por. pinxit' at the upper left), this map was published in Abraham Ortelius's landmark atlas 'Theatrum Orbis Terrarum'. It provides an exceptional depiction of the region during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth era. The map is densely detailed with pictorial topographical elements, including individual settlements, fortified castles, churches, forested areas, and mountain ranges. The Vistula River ('Vistula fluvius') flows prominently across the landscape, while the Carpathian mountain range ('Carpathus Mons') dominates the southern border along the frontier with the Kingdom of Hungary ('Hungariae confinia'). Notable settlements shown include Zator, Oświęcim, Wadowice, Bielsko, and Pszczyna. Artistically rendered in vivid hand color, the composition is anchored by an elegant Renaissance strapwork cartouche at the lower right corner housing the main title. Additional cartographic features include a linear scale bar at the bottom left ('Scala Milliarium') and directional cardinal indicators framing the border.